Design of a Compact 4×4 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) MIMO Antenna with Quadra Band-Notch Characteristics on FR-4 Substrate for Wireless Communication Applications
Keywords:
Band notch, U-slot, C-stub, UWB MIMO., U-slotAbstract
Advances in wireless communication technology require devices with high bandwidth, high speed, and outstanding communication reliability. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology, which operates at frequencies of 3.1–10.6 GHz, offers high-speed data transmission with low power consumption. However, UWB is susceptible to interference from other systems such as WiMAX (3.3–3.8 GHz), C-Band (4.0–4.9 GHz), and WLAN (5.1–5.8 GHz), which can reduce antenna efficiency. This research designs a microstrip antenna with 4×4 MIMO and UWB capabilities, featuring quad-band notch functionality using FR-4 substrate to overcome the interference problem. The design was carried out systematically, including specification determination, design and simulation using CST Studio Suite 2019, parametric studies for optimizing the dimensions of the U-shaped slot and C-shaped stub, prototype fabrication using the PCB etching method, and measurements using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The performance evaluation included basic antenna parameters such as return loss, VSWR, and gain, as well as MIMO parameters like Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Total Active Reflection (TARC), and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL). Test results showed that the antenna operated in the frequency range of 3 to 14 GHz with four effective band notches at 3.4 GHz, 4.0 GHz, 4.6 GHz, and 5.7 GHz. Return loss values < −10 dB, VSWR < 2, maximum gain 4.8 dBi, ECC < 0.03, DG ≈ 10 dB, TARC < −10 dB, and CCL < 0.35 bps/Hz indicate excellent performance. This design is proven to be feasible for high-speed wireless communication systems with effective multi-band interference suppression requirements.
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