Design and Analysis of a 1x2 Triangular Patch Array Microstrip Antenna with Low Gain at a Frequency of 1,09 GHz for ADS-B Applications

Abstract

Microstrip antennas are one of the popular technologies for wireless communication applications due to their compact dimensions and ability to operate at high frequencies. In this research, we designed and analyzed a 1x2 triangular patch array microstrip antenna operating at a frequency of 1,09 GHz, which is used in ADS-B systems. ADS-B is a communication system used in aviation to transmit aircraft position to ground-based receivers. The array antenna is designed to enhance the gain and directivity required in ADS-B applications. This antenna consists of two triangular patch elements symmetrically arranged on an FR4 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 4,4 and a thickness of 1,6 mm. This design uses software simulation methods with CST Studio Suite 2019 to optimize antenna parameters such as input impedance, VSWR, gain, axial ratio, and radiation pattern. By applying the appropriate design techniques, this 1x2 triangular microstrip array antenna can achieve good performance in communication applications at a frequency of 1.09 GHz. Simulation results show that the antenna can operate within a frequency range of 0,5 GHz to 1,5 GHz, with a center frequency of 1,09 GHz, a return loss of less than -17 dB, and a bandwidth of 60 MHz. The gain produced is 0,67 dB. The radiation polarization generated is unidirectional. This research presents the success of the design and simulation of a 1x2 triangular microstrip patch antenna array operating at a frequency of 1,09 GHz.